Nephrology is the medical discipline that encompasses the study of the normal physiological functioning of the kidneys, along with the investigation and treatment of diseases associated with these vital organs. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess water from the body.

Nephrologists, as specialized kidney doctors, focus on the diagnosis and treatment of various renal or kidney-related disorders. Their expertise covers a broad spectrum of conditions, including autoimmune diseases affecting the kidneys, kidney cancers, bladder stones, polycystic kidney disease, complications arising from diabetes and hypertension, and the provision of dialysis services.